SEFERIAN Roland



Roland Séférian

CNRM (Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS)
Groupe de Modélisation de Grande Echelle et Climat (GMGEC)
Etude du Système Terre (EST)
42, Av. G. Coriolis
31057 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
Tél. +33 (0) 5 61 07 99 32

@ roland [dot] seferian [at] meteo [dot] fr
@ rseferian [dot] cnrm [at] gmail [dot] com
Twitter :@RolandSeferian
BlueSky :@@rolandseferian.bsky.social
researchgate
google scholar
ORCID
PUBLONS


 Thèmes de recherches

  • Modélisation du système Terre
  • Modélisation de la biogéochimie marine
  • Étude de la variabilité récente du cycle du carbone global
  • Étude des mécanismes de rétroactions entre le climat et le cycle du carbone global
  • Étude des solutions (géoingénierie) au changement climatique

 Modèles

CNRM-ESM2-1
PISCES
ISBA-CTRIP


 Projets en cours

European Horizon Europe OptimESM (2022-2026)
European H2020 ESM2025 (2021-2025)
European H2020 CONSTRAIN (2019-2023)
European H2020 COMFORT (2019-2023)
European BG08 TRIATLAS (2019-2023)


 News

  https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/personne/roland-seferian-0


 Engagement Communautaire

  • CMIP7 Strategic Ensemble Design More Info
  • WCRP Safe Landing Climates Lighthouse/Perturbed Carbon Cycle More Info
  • WCRP Earth system models and Observations (ESMO) Steering group More Info

 Encadrement


Post-docs

2020-2023 : Yeray Santana-Falcòn (post-doctoral at CNRM) Extreme, non-linear and Abrupt changes in ocean physics and marine biogeochemistry.
2020-2021 : Chloé Prodhomme (post-doctoral at CNRM) Assessment of Earth system predictability from seasonal to decadal scales.
2019-2020 : Josué Bock (post-doctoral at CNRM) Assessing the magnitude of climate feedbacks associated with marine DMS emissions. Co-advising with P. Nabat and M. Michou (CNRM).
2018-2019 : Emilie Joetzjer (post-doctoral at CNRM) Assessing the response of land vegetation to climate change. Co-advising with C. Delire (CNRM).
2017-2019 : Sarah Berthet (post-doctoral at CNRM) Development of an high-resolution ocean-biogeochemical model.
2017-2018 : Samuel Quesada-Ruiz (post-doctoral at CNRM) Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 as simulated by Earth system models. Co-advising with P. Ricaud (CNRM).
2013-2015 : Sunghye Baek (post-doctoral at IPSL, Paris, France) Development of an ocean surface albedo parameterization for Earth system models. Co-advising with O. Boucher (IPSL, France).


Thèse

2023-2026 : Isaline Bossert (PhD of Toulouse University) Impacts of extreme events on the ocean : Cascading impacts from physics to marine ecosystems at different levels of warming.
2021-2024 : Susanne Baur (PhD of Toulouse University) Modeling Uncertainties in Geoengineering.
2021-2024 : Romain Torres (PhD of Toulouse University) From mesoscale eddy parameterization to the role of the ocean in climate change.
2016-2020 : Matthias Rocher (PhD of Toulouse University) Assessing the role of agricultural practices to mitigate climate change within globa modelling.
2015-2018 : Maxime Plazzotta (PhD of Toulouse University) Impacts of solar radiation management on the Earth system : Focus on carbon and water cycles.


Master 2

2015 : Adrien Colomb The seasonal response of the land and ocean carbon cycles to solar radiation management. (co-encadrement A. Lenton (CSIRO)).


Master 1

2015 : Cécile Porchier & Simon Jalladeau Modélisation des feux naturels dans un contexte de changement climatique. (co-encadrement C. Delire).
2014 : Marion Le Brun Étude de la sensibilité des simulations de la biogéochimie marine à la physique de la banquise. (co-encadrement M. Chevallier).
2013 : Priscilla Le Mézo Variabilité de la biogéochimie marine dans le Pacifique Équatorial, impact sur les niveaux trophiques supérieurs. (co-encadrement L. Bopp et S. Lefort (IPSL/LSCE)).


 Publications


En discussion ou révision :

 Jones, C. G., Adloff, F., Booth, B., Cox, P., Eyring, V., Friedlingstein, P., Frieler, K., Hewitt, H., Jeffery, H., Joussaume, S., Koenigk, T., Lawrence, B. N., O’Rourke, E., Roberts, M., Sanderson, B., Séférian, R., Somot, S., Vidale, P.-L., van Vuuren, D., Acosta, M., Bentsen, M., Bernardello, R., Betts, R., Blockley, E., Boé, J., Bracegirdle, T., Braconnot, P., Brovkin, V., Buontempo, C., Doblas-Reyes, F. J., Donat, M. G., Epicoco, I., Falloon, P., Fiore, S., Froelicher, T., Fuckar, N., Gidden, M., Goessling, H., Graversen, R. G., Gualdi, S., Gutiérrez, J. M., Ilyina, T., Jacob, D., Jones, C., Juckes, M., Kendon, E., Kjellström, E., Knutti, R., Lowe, J. A., Mizielinski, M., Nassisi, P., Obersteiner, M., Regnier, P., Roehrig, R., Salas y Melia, D., Schleussner, C.-F., Schulz, M., Scoccimarro, E., Terray, L., Thiemann, H., Wood, R., Yang, S., and Zaehle, S. : Bringing it all together : Science and modelling priorities to support international climate policy, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-453, 2024.

 Hajima, T., Kawamiya, M., Ito, A., Tachiiri, K., Jones, C., Arora, V., Brovkin, V., Séférian, R., Liddicoat, S., Friedlingstein, P., and Shevliakova, E. : Consistency of global carbon budget between concentration- and emission-driven historical experiments simulated by CMIP6 Earth system models and suggestion for improved simulation of CO2 concentration, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-188, 2024.

 Heinze, C., Blenckner, T., Brown, P., Fröb, F., Morée, A., New, A. L., Nissen, C., Rynders, S., Seguro, I., Aksenov, Y., Artioli, Y., Bourgeois, T., Burger, F., Buzan, J., Cael, B. B., Yumruktepe, V. Ç., Chierici, M., Danek, C., Dieckmann, U., Fransson, A., Frölicher, T., Galli, G., Gehlen, M., González, A. G., Gonzalez-Davila, M., Gruber, N., Gustafsson, Ö., Hauck, J., Heino, M., Henson, S., Hieronymus, J., Huertas, I. E., Jebri, F., Jeltsch-Thömmes, A., Joos, F., Joshi, J., Kelly, S., Menon, N., Mongwe, P., Oziel, L., Ólafsdottir, S., Palmieri, J., Pérez, F. F., Ranith, R. P., Ramanantsoa, J., Roy, T., Rusiecka, D., Santana Casiano, J. M., Santana-Falcón, Y., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Seifert, M., Shchiptsova, A., Sinha, B., Somes, C., Steinfeldt, R., Tao, D., Tjiputra, J., Ulfsbo, A., Völker, C., Wakamatsu, T., and Ye, Y. : Reviews and syntheses : Abrupt ocean biogeochemical change under human-made climatic forcing – warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, Biogeosciences Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, in review, 2023.

 Sanderson, B. M., Booth, B. B. B., Dunne, J., Eyring, V., Fisher, R. A., Friedlingstein, P., Gidden, M. J., Hajima, T., Jones, C. D., Jones, C., King, A., Koven, C. D., Lawrence, D. M., Lowe, J., Mengis, N., Peters, G. P., Rogelj, J., Smith, C., Snyder, A. C., Simpson, I. R., Swann, A. L. S., Tebaldi, C., Ilyina, T., Schleussner, C.-F., Seferian, R., Samset, B. H., van Vuuren, D., and Zaehle, S. : The need for carbon emissions-driven climate projections in CMIP7, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2127, 2023.

 Emilia Sanchez-Gomez, Roland Séférian, Lauriane Batté, et al. Description and evaluation of the CNRM-Cerfacs Climate Prediction System (C3PS). ESS Open Archive . March 07, 2024.
DOI : 10.22541/essoar.170982814.47315514/v1

 Susanne Baur, Benjamin M Sanderson, Roland Séférian, et al. Change in Wind Renewable Energy Potential under Stratospheric Aerosol Injections. ESS Open Archive . March 15, 2024.
DOI : 10.22541/essoar.171052547.77190222/v1

 Nicolas Barrier, Olivier Maury, Roland Séférian, et al. Assessing the time of emergence of global ocean fish biomass using ensemble climate to fish simulations. ESS Open Archive . April 01, 2024.
DOI : 10.22541/essoar.171199516.69691755/v1


2024

[99] Séférian, R., Bossy, T., Gasser, T. et al. Physical inconsistencies in the representation of the ocean heat-carbon nexus in simple climate models. Commun Earth Environ 5, 291 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01464-x

[98] Meinshausen, M., Schleussner, C.-F., Beyer, K., Bodeker, G., Boucher, O., Canadell, J. G., Daniel, J. S., Diongue-Niang, A., Driouech, F., Fischer, E., Forster, P., Grose, M., Hansen, G., Hausfather, Z., Ilyina, T., Kikstra, J. S., Kimutai, J., King, A. D., Lee, J.-Y., Lennard, C., Lissner, T., Nauels, A., Peters, G. P., Pirani, A., Plattner, G.-K., Pörtner, H., Rogelj, J., Rojas, M., Roy, J., Samset, B. H., Sanderson, B. M., Séférian, R., Seneviratne, S., Smith, C. J., Szopa, S., Thomas, A., Urge-Vorsatz, D., Velders, G. J. M., Yokohata, T., Ziehn, T., and Nicholls, Z. : A perspective on the next generation of Earth system model scenarios : towards representative emission pathways (REPs), Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4533–4559, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4533-2024, 2024.

[97] Baur, S., Sanderson, B. M., Séférian, R., and Terray, L. : Solar radiation modification challenges decarbonization with renewable solar energy, Earth Syst. Dynam., 15, 307–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-307-2024, 2024.

[96] Terhaar, J., Goris, N., Müller, J. D., DeVries, T., Gruber, N., Hauck, J., et al. (2024). Assessment of global ocean biogeochemistry models for ocean carbon sink estimates in RECCAP2 and recommendations for future studies. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 16, e2023MS003840. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003840

[95] Resplandy, L., Hogikyan, A., Müller, J. D., Najjar, R. G., Bange, H. W., Bianchi, D., et al. (2024). A synthesis of global coastal ocean greenhouse gas fluxes. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 38, e2023GB007803. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007803

[94] Asaadi, A., Schwinger, J., Lee, H., Tjiputra, J., Arora, V., Séférian, R., Liddicoat, S., Hajima, T., Santana-Falcón, Y., and Jones, C. D. : Carbon cycle feedbacks in an idealized simulation and a scenario simulation of negative emissions in CMIP6 Earth system models, Biogeosciences, 21, 411–435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-411-2024, 2024.


2023

[93] Palazzo Corner, S., and Coauthors, 2023 : The Zero Emissions Commitment and climate stabilization . Front. Sci. , 1. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsci.2023.1170744.

[92] Takano, Y., and Coauthors, 2023 : Simulations of ocean deoxygenation in the historical era : insights from forced and coupled models . Front. Mar. Sci. , 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1139917.

[91] Torres, R., Waldman, R., Mak, J., & Séférian, R. (2023). Global estimation of the eddy kinetic energy dissipation from a diagnostic energy balance. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL104688. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104688

[90] Santana-Falcón, Y., Yamamoto, A., Lenton, A. et al. Irreversible loss in marine ecosystem habitability after a temperature overshoot. Commun Earth Environ 4, 343 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01002-1

[89] DeVries, T., Yamamoto, K., Wanninkhof, R., Gruber, N., Hauck, J., Müller, J. D., et al. (2023). Magnitude, trends, and variability of the global ocean carbon sink from 1985-2018. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 37, e2023GB007780. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007780

[88] Mayot N., Le Quéré C., Rödenbeck C., Bernardello R., Bopp L., Djeutchouang L. M., Gehlen M., Gregor L., Gruber N., Hauck J., Iida Y., Ilyina T., Keeling R. F., Landschützer P., Manning A. C., Patara L., Resplandy L., Schwinger J., Séférian R., Watson A. J., Wright R. M. and Zeng J. (2023) Climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO2 sinkPhil. Trans. R. Soc. A.3812022005520220055

[87] Berthet, S., Jouanno, J., Séférian, R., Gehlen, M., and Llovel, W. : How does the phytoplankton–light feedback affect the marine N2O inventory ?, Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 399–412, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-399-2023, 2023.

[86] Metz, E.-M., and Coauthors, 2023 : Soil respiration–driven CO2 pulses dominate Australia’s flux variability. Science (80-. )., 379, 1332–1335, doi:10.1126/science.add7833. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add7833.

[85] Jiang, L.-Q., Dunne, J., Carter, B. R., Tjiputra, J. F., Terhaar, J., Sharp, J. D., et al. (2023). Global surface ocean acidification indicators from 1750 to 2100. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 15, e2022MS003563. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003563

[84] Grant, L., Gudmundsson, L., Davin, E., Lawrence, D., Vuichard, N., Robertson, E., Séférian, R., Ribes, A., Hirsch, A., Thiery, W. : Biogeophysical Effects of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change Not Detectable in Warmest Month. J. Clim., 36, 1845–1861, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0391.1, 2023

[83] Chen, Y., Ji, D., Zhang, Q., Moore, J. C., Boucher, O., Jones, A., Lurton, T., Mills, M. J., Niemeier, U., Séférian, R., and Tilmes, S. : Northern-high-latitude permafrost and terrestrial carbon response to two solar geoengineering scenarios, Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 55–79, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-55-2023, 2023.


2022

[83] Planchat, A., Kwiatkowski, L., Bopp, L., Torres, O., Christian, J. R., Butenschön, M., Lovato, T., Séférian, R., Chamberlain, M. A., Aumont, O., Watanabe, M., Yamamoto, A., Yool, A., Ilyina, T., Tsujino, H., Krumhardt, K. M., Schwinger, J., Tjiputra, J., Dunne, J. P., and Stock, C. : The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle, Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023.

[82] Wang, J., Jiang, F., Ju, W., Wang, M., Sitch, S., Arora, V. K., et al. (2022). Enhanced India-Africa carbon uptake and Asia-Pacific carbon release associated with the 2019 extreme positive Indian Ocean dipole. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL100950. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100950

[81] Murray-Tortarolo, G., Poulter, B., Vargas, R., Hayes, D., Michalak, A. M., Williams, C., et al. (2022). A process-model perspective on recent changes in the carbon cycle of North America. Journal of Geophysical Research : Biogeosciences, 127, e2022JG006904. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006904

[80] Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Kwiatkowski, L., Clerc, C., Dupont, L., Ethé, C., Gorgues, T., Séférian, R., and Tagliabue, A. : Diazotrophy as a key driver of the response of marine net primary productivity to climate change, Biogeosciences, 19, 4267–4285, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4267-2022, 2022.

[79] O’Sullivan, M., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Anthoni, P., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Bastrikov, V., Delire, C., Goll, D. S., Jain, A., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Knauer, J., Lienert, S., Lombardozzi, D., McGuire, P. C., Melton, J. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Pongratz, J., Poulter, B., Séférian, R., Tian, H., Vuichard, N., Walker, A. P., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S. : Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink. Nat Commun 13, 4781, doi :https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32416-8, 2022.

[78] Hardouin, L., Delire, C., Decharme, B., Lawrence, D. M., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Brovkin, V., Collier, N., Fisher, R., Hoffman, F. M., Koven, C. D., Séférian, R., Stacke, T. : Uncertainty in land carbon budget simulated by terrestrial biosphere models : the role of atmospheric forcing. Environ. Res. Lett., doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac888d, 2022.

[77] Vaittinada Ayar, P., Bopp, L., Christian, J. R., Ilyina, T., Krasting, J. P., Séférian, R., Tsujino, H., Watanabe, M., Yool, A., and Tjiputra, J. : Contrasting projections of the ENSO-driven CO2 flux variability in the equatorial Pacific under high-warming scenario, Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 1097–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1097-2022, 2022.

[76] Santana-Falcón, Y., Séférian, R. Climate change impacts the vertical structure of marine ecosystem ther-mal ranges. Nat. Clim. Chang. 12, 935–942 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01476-5

[75] Koven, C. D., Arora, V. K., Cadule, P., Fisher, R. A., Jones, C. D., Lawrence, D. M., Lewis, J., Lindsay, K., Mathesius, S., Meinshausen, M., Mills, M., Nicholls, Z., Sanderson, B. M., Séférian, R., Swart, N. C., Wieder, W. R., and Zickfeld, K. : Multi-century dynamics of the climate and carbon cycle under both high and net negative emissions scenarios, Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 885–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-885-2022, 2022.

[74] Fawcett, D., and Coauthors, 2022 : Assessing Model Predictions of Carbon Dynamics in Global Drylands . Front. Environ. Sci. , 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenvs.2022.790200.

[73] Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M. W., O’Sullivan, M., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bopp, L., Chau, T. T. T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Currie, K. I., Decharme, B., Djeutchouang, L. M., Dou, X., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Gasser, T., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Luijkx, I. T., Jain, A., Jones, S. D., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lienert, S., Liu, J., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., Melton, J. R., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., Ono, T., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Schwingshackl, C., Séférian, R., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Tanhua, T., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., Vuichard, N., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A. J., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, J. : Global Carbon Budget 2021, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1917–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, 2022.

[72] Melnikova, I., Boucher, O., Cadule, P., Tanaka, K., Gasser, T., Hajima, T., Quilcaille, Y., Shiogama, H., Séférian, R., Tachiiri, K., Vuichard, N., Yokohata, T., and Ciais, P. : Impact of bioenergy crop expansion on climate–carbon cycle feedbacks in overshoot scenarios, Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 779–794, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-779-2022, 2022.

[71] Tilmes​​​​​​​, S., Visioni, D., Jones, A., Haywood, J., Séférian, R., Nabat, P., Boucher, O., Bednarz, E. M., and Niemeier, U. : Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate aerosol and solar dimming climate interventions based on the G6 Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4557–4579, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4557-2022, 2022.

[70] Xie, Y., M. Lin, B. Decharme, C. Delire, L. W. Horowitz, D. M. Lawrence, F. Li, and R. Séférian, 2022 : Tripling of western US particulate pollution from wildfires in a warming climate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 119, e2111372119, doi:10.1073/pnas.2111372119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111372119.

[69] Jones, A., Haywood, J. M., Scaife, A. A., Boucher, O., Henry, M., Kravitz, B., Lurton, T., Nabat, P., Niemeier, U., Séférian, R., Tilmes, S., and Visioni, D. : The impact of stratospheric aerosol intervention on the North Atlantic and Quasi-Biennial Oscillations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) G6sulfur experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2999–3016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2999-2022, 2022.


2021

[68] Visioni, D., MacMartin, D. G., Kravitz, B., Boucher, O., Jones, A., Lurton, T., Martine, M., Mills, M. J., Nabat, P., Niemeier, U., Séférian, R., and Tilmes, S. : Identifying the sources of uncertainty in climate model simulations of solar radiation modification with the G6sulfur and G6solar Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10039–10063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10039-2021, 2021.

[67] Fettweis, X., Hofer, S., Séférian, R., Amory, C., Delhasse, A., Doutreloup, S., Kittel, C., Lang, C., Van Bever, J., Veillon, F., and Irvine, P. : Brief communication : Reduction in the future Greenland ice sheet surface melt with the help of solar geoengineering , The Cryosphere, 15, 3013–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3013-2021, 2021.

[66] Bock, J., Michou, M., Nabat, P., Abe, M., Mulcahy, J. P., Olivié, D. J. L., Schwinger, J., Suntharalingam, P., Tjiputra, J., van Hulten, M., Watanabe, M., Yool, A., and Séférian, R. : Evaluation of ocean dimethylsulfide concentration and emission in CMIP6 models, Biogeosciences, 18, 3823–3860, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, 2021.

[65] Kravitz, B., MacMartin, D. G., Visioni, D., Boucher, O., Cole, J. N. S., Haywood, J., Jones, A., Lurton, T., Nabat, P., Niemeier, U., Robock, A., Séférian, R., and Tilmes, S. : Comparing different generations of idealized solar geoengineering simulations in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4231–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4231-2021, 2021.

[64] Jones, C. D., Hickman, J. E., Rumbold, S. T., Walton, J., Lamboll, R. D., Skeie, R. B., Ragnhild B., Fiedler, S. ,Forster, P. M. ,Rogelj, J. ,Abe, M. ,Botzet, M. ,Calvin, K. ,Cassou, C. ,Cole, Jason N.S. ,Davini, P. ,Deushi, M. ,Dix, M. ,Fyfe, J. C. ,Gillett, N. P. ,Ilyina, T. ,Kawamiya, M. ,Kelley, M. ,Kharin, S. ,Koshiro, T. ,Li, H. ,Mackallah, C. ,Müller, W. A. ,Nabat, P. ,van Noije, T. ,Nolan, P. ,Ohgaito, R. ,Olivié, D. ,Oshima, N. ,Parodi, J. ,Reerink, T. J. ,Ren, L. ,Romanou, A. , Séférian, R., Tang, Y. ,Timmreck, C. ,Tjiputra, J. ,Tourigny, E. ,Tsigaridis, K. ,Wang, H. ,Wu, M. ,Wyser, K. ,Yang, S. ,Yang, Y. and Ziehn, T. : The Climate Response to Emissions Reductions due to COVID‐19 : Initial Results from CovidMIP. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2020GL091883. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091883, 2021.

[63] Thornhill, G., Collins, W., Olivié, D., Skeie, R. B., Archibald, A., Bauer, S., Checa-Garcia, R., Fiedler, S., Folberth, G., Gjermundsen, A., Horowitz, L., Lamarque, J.-F., Michou, M., Mulcahy, J., Nabat, P., Naik, V., O’Connor, F. M., Paulot, F., Schulz, M., Scott, C. E., Séférian, R., Smith, C., Takemura, T., Tilmes, S., Tsigaridis, K., and Weber, J. : Climate-driven chemistry and aerosol feedbacks in CMIP6 Earth system models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1105–1126, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1105-2021, 2021.

[62] Tebaldi, C., Debeire, K., Eyring, V., Fischer, E., Fyfe, J., Friedlingstein, P., Knutti, R., Lowe, J., O’Neill, B., Sanderson, B., van Vuuren, D., Riahi, K., Meinshausen, M., Nicholls, Z., Hurtt, G., Kriegler, E., Lamarque, J.-F., Meehl, G., Moss, R., Bauer, S. E., Boucher, O., Brovkin, V., Golaz, J.-C., Gualdi, S., Guo, H., John, J. G., Kharin, S., Koshiro, T., Ma, L., Olivié, D., Panickal, S., Qiao, F., Rosenbloom, N., Schupfner, M., Séférian, R., Song, Z., Steger, C., Sellar, A., Swart, N., Tachiiri, K., Tatebe, H., Voldoire, A., Volodin, E., Wyser, K., Xin, X., Xinyao, R., Yang, S., Yu, Y., and Ziehn, T. : Climate model projections from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) of CMIP6, Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 253–293, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-253-2021, 2021.


2020

[61] Ilyina, T., H. Li, A. Spring, W. A. Muller, L. Bopp, M. O. Chikamoto, G. Danabasoglu, M. Dobrynin, J. Dunne, F. Fransner, P. Friedlingstein, W. Lee, N. S. Lovenduski, W.J. Merryeld, J. Mignot, J.Y. Park, Séférian, R., R. Sospedra-Alfonso, M. Watanabe, S. Yeager : Predictable variations of the carbon sinks and atmospheric CO2 growth in a multi‐model framework. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL090695. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090695, 2020.

[60] Liddicoat, S. K., Wiltshire, A. J., Jones, C. D., Arora, V. K., Brovkin, V., Cadule, P., Hajima, T., Lawrence, D. M., Pongratz, J., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Tjiputra, J. F., & Ziehn, T. : Compatible Fossil Fuel CO2 emissions in the CMIP6 Earth System Models’ Historical and Shared Socioeconomic Pathway experiments of the 21st Century. J. Clim., 1, 1–72, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0991.1, 2020.

[59] Friedlingstein, P., O’Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Bittig, H. C., Bopp, L., Bultan, S., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Evans, W., Florentie, L., Forster, P. M., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Harris, I., Hartung, K., Haverd, V., Houghton, R. A., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Joetzjer, E., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Korsbakken, J. I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Marland, G., Metzl, N., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O’Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Smith, A. J. P., Sutton, A. J., Tanhua, T., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Walker, A. P., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A. J., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zaehle, S. : Global Carbon Budget 2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-286, in press, 2020.

[58] Matthews, H. D., K. Tokarska, Z. R. J. Nicholls, J. Rogelj, J. P. Canadell, P. Friedlingstein, T. L. Frölicher, P. M. Forster, N. P. Gillett, T. Ilyina, R. B. Jackson, C. D. Jones, C. Koven, R. Knutti, A. H. MacDougall, M. Meinshausen, N. Mengis,Séférian, R., K. Zickfeld : Opportunities and challenges in using carbon budgets to guide climate policy. Nat. Geosci. 13, 769–779 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-00663-3

[57] Gehlen, M., Berthet, S., Séférian, R., Ethé, C., & Penduff, T. : Quantification of Chaotic Intrinsic Variability of sea‐air CO2 Fluxes at Interannual Timescales. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL088304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088304, 2020.

[56] Boysen, L., Brovkin, V., Pongratz, J., Lawrence, D., Lawrence, P., Vuichard, N., Peylin, P., Liddicoat, S., Hajima, T., Zhang, Y., Rocher, M., Delire, C., Séférian, R., Arora, V. K., Nieradzik, L., Anthoni, P., Thiery, W., Laguë, M., Lawrence, D., and Lo, M.-H. : Global climate response to idealized deforestation in CMIP6 models, Biogeosciences, 17, 5615–5638, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5615-2020, 2020.

[55] Hauck, J., Zeising, M., Le Quéré, C., Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C. E., Bopp, L., Chau, T. T. T., Gürses, Ö., Ilyina, T., Landschützer, P., Lenton, A., Resplandy, L., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R.:Consistency and challenges in the ocean carbon sink estimate for the Global Carbon Budget. Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 852. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.571720, 2020.

[54] Tokarska, K. B., Arora, V. K., Gillett, N. P., Lehner, F., Rogelj, J., Schleussner, C.-F., Séférian, R., Knutti, R. : Uncertainty in carbon budget estimates due to internal climate variability. Environ. Res. Lett., https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abaf1b, 2020.

[53] Kwiatkowski, L., Torres, O., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Chamberlain, M., Christian, J. R., Dunne, J. P., Gehlen, M., Ilyina, T., John, J. G., Lenton, A., Li, H., Lovenduski, N. S., Orr, J. C., Palmieri, J., Santana-Falcón, Y., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Stock, C. A., Tagliabue, A., Takano, Y., Tjiputra, J., Toyama, K., Tsujino, H., Watanabe, M., Yamamoto, A., Yool, A., and Ziehn, T. : Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections, Biogeosciences, 17, 3439–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3439-2020, 2020.

[52] Séférian, R., Berthet, S., Yool, A., Palmiéri, J., Bopp, L., Tagliabue, A., Kwiatkowski, L., Aumont, O., Christian, J., Dunne, J., Gehlen, M., Ilyina, T., John, J. G., Li, H., Long, M., Luo, J. Y., Nakano, H., Romanou, A., Schwinger, J., Stock, C., Santana-Falcón, Y., Takano, Y., Tjiputra, J., Tsujino, H., Watanabe, M., Wu, T., Wu, F., Yamamoto, A. : Tracking improvement in simulated marine biogeochemistry between CMIP5 and CMIP6, Current Climate Change Reports, doi:10.1007/s40641-020-00160-0

[51] R. Roehrig, I. Beau, D. Saint-Martin, A. Alias, B. Decharme, J.-F. Guérémy, A. Voldoire, A.-L. Ahmat Younous, E. Bazile, S. Belamari, S. Blein, D. Bouniol, Y. Bouteloup, J. Cattiaux, F. Chauvin, M. Chevallier, J. Colin, H. Douville, P. Marquet, M. Michou, P. Nabat, T. Oudar, P. Peyrillé, J.-M. Piriou, D. Salas y Melia, Séférian, R. and S. Sénési : The CNRM global atmosphere model ARPEGE‐Climat 6.3 : description and evaluation. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12, e2020MS002075. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002075

[50] MacDougall, A. H., T. L. Frölicher, C. D. Jones, J. Roegelj, H. D. Matthews, K. Zickfeld, V. K. Arora, N. J. Barrett, V. Brovkin, F. A. Burger, M. Eby, A. V. Elivseev, T. Hajima, P. B. Holden, A. Jeltsch-Thömmes, C. Koven, L. Menviel, M. Michou, I. I. Mokhov, A. Oka, J. Schwinger, Séférian, R., G. Shaffer, A. Sokolov, K. Tachiiri, J. Tjiputra, A. Wilthsire, T. Ziehn. Is there warming in the pipeline ? A multi-model analysis of the zero emission commitment from CO2, Biogeosciences, 17, 2987–3016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2987-2020, 2020.

[49] Arora, V. K., Katavouta, A., Williams, R. G., Jones, C. D., Brovkin, V., Friedlingstein, P., Schwinger, J., Bopp, L., Boucher, O., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Christian, J. R., Delire, C., Fisher, R. A., Hajima, T., Ilyina, T., Joetzjer, E., Kawamiya, M., Koven, C. D., Krasting, J. P., Law, R. M., Lawrence, D. M., Lenton, A., Lindsay, K., Pongratz, J., Raddatz, T., Séférian, R., Tachiiri, K., Tjiputra, J. F., Wiltshire, A., Wu, T., and Ziehn, T. : Carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 models, Biogeosciences, 17, 4173–4222, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4173-2020, 2020.

[48] Delire, C., Séférian, R., Decharme, B., Alkama, R., Calvet, J.‐C., Carrer, D., Gibelin, A.-L., Joetzjer, E., Morel, X., Rocher, M., Tzanos, D. : The global land carbon cycle simulated with ISBA‐CTRIP : improvements over the last decade. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12, e2019MS001886. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001886, 2020.

[47] Michou, M., Nabat, P., Saint‐Martin, D., Bock, J., Decharme, B., Mallet, M., Roehrig, R., Séférian, R., Sénési, S., Voldoire, A. : Present‐day and historical aerosol and ozone characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 simulations. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12, e2019MS001816. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001816, 2020.


2019

[46] Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M. W., O’Sullivan, M., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., Bakker, D. C. E., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bastos, A., Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Bopp, L., Buitenhuis, E., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Currie, K. I., Feely, R. A., Gehlen, M., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Goll, D. S., Gruber, N., Gutekunst, S., Harris, I., Haverd, V., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Joetzjer, E., Kaplan, J. O., Kato, E., Klein Goldewijk, K., Korsbakken, J. I., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Lombardozzi, D., Marland, G., McGuire, P. C., Melton, J. R., Metzl, N., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S.-I., Neill, C., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Peregon, A., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Séférian, R., Schwinger, J., Smith, N., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F. N., van der Werf, G. R., Wiltshire, A. J., and Zaehle, S. : Global Carbon Budget 2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1783–1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019, 2019.

[45] Séférian, R., Nabat, P., Michou, M., Saint-Martin, D., Voldoire, A., Colin, J., Decharme, B., Delire, C., Berthet, S., Chevallier, M., Sénési, S., Franchisteguy, L., Vial, J., Mallet, M., Joetzjer, E., Geoffroy, O., Guérémy, J.-F., Moine, M.-P., Msadek, R., Ribes, A., Rocher, M., Roehrig, R., Salas-y-Mélia, D., Sanchez, E., Terray, L., Valcke, S., Waldman, R., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Deshayes, J., Éthé, C., and Madec, G. : Evaluation of CNRM Earth‐System model, CNRM‐ESM2‐1 : role of Earth system processes in present‐day and future climate. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001791, 2019.

[44] Jones, C. D., Frölicher, T. L., Koven, C., MacDougall, A. H., Matthews, H. D., Zickfeld, K., Rogelj, J., Tokarska, K. B., Gillett, N. P., Ilyina, T., Meinshausen, M., Mengis, N., Séférian, R., Eby, M., and Burger, F. A. : The Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP) contribution to C4MIP : quantifying committed climate changes following zero carbon emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4375–4385, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4375-2019, 2019.

[43] Rogelj, J., Forster, P.M., Kriegler, E., Smith, C.J., Séférian, R. : Estimating and tracking the remaining carbon budget for stringent climate targets. Nature, 10.1038/s41586-019-1368-z, 2019.

[42] DeVries, T., Le Quéré, C., Andrews, O., Berthet, S., Hauck, J., Ilyina, T., Landschützer, P., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Nowicki, M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R.:Decadal trends in the ocean carbon sink. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 201900371, doi:10.1073/pnas.1900371116, 2019.

[41] Plazzotta, M., Séférian, R. and Douville, H. : Impact of Solar Radiation Modification on allowable CO2 emissions : what can we learn from multi‐model simulations ?. Earth’s Future, 7., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001165, 2019.

[40] Voldoire, A., Saint-Martin, D., Sénési, S., Decharme, B., Alias, A., Chevallier, M., Colin, J., Guérémy, J.-F., Michou, M., Moine, M.-P., Nabat, P., Roehrig, R., Salas y Mélia, D., Séférian, R., Valcke, S., Beau, I., Belamari, S., Berthet, S., Cassou, C., Cattiaux, J., Deshayes, J., Douville, H., Ethé, C., Franchisteguy, L., Geoffroy, O., Lévy, C., Madec, G., Meurdesoif, Y., Msadek, R., Ribes, A., Sanchez-Gomez, E., Terray, L., Waldman, R. :. Evaluation of CMIP6 DECK experiments with CNRM‐CM6‐1. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001683, 2019.

[39] Berthet, S., Séférian, R., Bricaud, C., Chevallier, M., Voldoire, A. and Ethé, C. : Evaluation of an online grid‐coarsening algorithm in a global eddy‐admitting ocean‐biogeochemical model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001644, 2019.

[38] Decharme, B., Delire, C., Minvielle, M., Colin, J., Vergnes, J.-P., Alias, A., Saint-Martin, D., Séférian, R., Sénési, S., Voldoire, A. : Recent changes in the ISBA‐CTRIP land surface system for use in the CNRM‐CM6 climate model and in global off‐line hydrological applications. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001545, 2019.

[37] Conte, L., Szopa, S., Séférian, R., and Bopp, L. : The oceanic cycle of carbon monoxide and its emissions to the atmosphere, Biogeosciences, 16, 881-902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-881-2019, 2019.


2018

[36] Bastos, A., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Chen, C., Mialon, A., Wigneron, J.-P., Arora, V. K., Briggs, P. R., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Chevallier, F., Cheng, L., Delire, C., Haverd, V., Jain, A. K., Joos, F., Kato, E., Lienert, S., Lombardozzi, D., Melton, J. R., Myneni, R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Pongratz, J., Poulter, B., Rödenbeck, C., Séférian, R., Tian, H., van Eck, C., Viovy, N., Vuichard, N., Walker, A. P., Wiltshire, A., Yang, J., Zaehle, S., Zeng, N., Zhu, D. : Impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial carbon cycle constrained by bottom-up and top-down approaches. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. B, Biological Sciences, 373 (1760), 1-11. , DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2017.0304, 2018.

[35] Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Hauck, J., Pongratz, J., Pickers, P. A., Korsbakken, J. I., Peters, G. P., Canadell, J. G., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Barbero, L., Bastos, A., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Doney, S. C., Gkritzalis, T., Goll, D. S., Harris, I., Haverd, V., Hoffman, F. M., Hoppema, M., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Johannessen, T., Jones, C. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Goldewijk, K. K., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Metzl, N., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S.-I., Neill, C., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Patra, P., Peregon, A., Peters, W., Peylin, P., Pfeil, B., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rocher, M., Rödenbeck, C., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sutton, A., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F. N., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., Viovy, N., Walker, A. P., Wiltshire, A. J., Wright, R., Zaehle, S., and Zheng, B. : Global Carbon Budget 2018, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2141-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018, 2018.

[34] Seneviratne, S. I., Rogelj, J., Séférian, R., Wartenburger, R., Allen, M. R., Cain, M., Millar, R. J., Ebi, K. L., Ellis, N., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Payne, A. J., Schleussner, C.-F., Tschakert, P., Warren, R. F. : The many possible climates from the Paris Agreement’s aim of 1.5 $^o$C warming. Nature 06/2018 ; 558(7708)., DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0181-4, 2018.

[33] Plazzotta, M., Séférian, R., Douville, H., Kravitz, B., Tjiputra, J. : Land surface cooling induced by sulfate geoengineering constrained by major volcanic eruptions. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 5663–5671. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077583, 2018.

[32] Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Pongratz, J., Manning, A. C., Korsbakken, J. I., Peters, G. P., Canadell, J. G., Jackson, R. B., Boden, T. A., Tans, P. P., Andrews, O. D., Arora, V. K., Bakker, D. C. E., Barbero, L., Becker, M., Betts, R. A., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Cosca, C. E., Cross, J., Currie, K., Gasser, T., Harris, I., Hauck, J., Haverd, V., Houghton, R. A., Hunt, C. W., Hurtt, G., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., Kautz, M., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Lima, I., Lombardozzi, D., Metzl, N., Millero, F., Monteiro, P. M. S., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S.-I., Nojiri, Y., Padin, X. A., Peregon, A., Pfeil, B., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Reimer, J., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Stocker, B. D., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F. N., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., van Heuven, S., Viovy, N., Vuichard, N., Walker, A. P., Watson, A. J., Wiltshire, A. J., Zaehle, S., and Zhu, D. : Global Carbon Budget 2017, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 405-448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, 2018.

[31] Séférian, R., Baek, S., Boucher, O., Dufresne, J.-L., Decharme, B., Saint-Martin, D., Roehrig, R. : An interactive ocean surface albedo scheme (OSAv1.0) : formulation and evaluation in ARPEGE-Climat (V6.1) and LMDZ (V5A), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 321-338, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-321-2018,
2018a.

[30] Séférian, R., Berthet, S., Chevallier, M. : Assessing the decadal predictability of land and ocean carbon uptake. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 2455–2466. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076092, 2018b.

[29] Séférian, R., Rocher, M., Guivarch, C., Colin, J. : Constraints on biomass energy deployment in mitigation pathways : The case of water scarcity. Environmental Research Letters, 13(5)., DOI :10.1088/1748-9326/aabcd7, 2018c.


2017

[28] Adrien Napoly, Aaron Boone, Patrick Samuelsson, Stefan Gollvik, Eric Martin, Séférian, R., Dominique Carrer, Bertrand Decharme, Lionel Jarlan : The interactions between soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model multi-energy balance (MEB) option in SURFEXv8 – Part 2 : Introduction of a litter formulation and model evaluation for local-scale forest sites. Geoscientific Model Development 04/2017 ; 10(4):1621-1644., DOI:10.5194/gmd-10-1621-2017

[27] Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Aumont, Philippe Ciais, Peter M. Cox, Charlotte Laufkötter, Yue Li, Séférian, R. : Emergent constraints on projections of declining primary production in the tropical oceans. Nature Climate Change 04/2017 ; 7(5)., DOI:10.1038/nclimate3265

[26] Stephanie A. Henson, Claudie Beaulieu, Tatiana Ilyina, Jasmine G. John, Matthew Long, Séférian, R., Jerry Tjiputra, Jorge L. Sarmiento : Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems. Nature Communications 02/2017 ; 8., DOI:10.1038/ncomms14682


2016

[25] Séférian, R., Gehlen, M., Bopp, L., Resplandy, L., Orr, J. C., Marti, O., Dunne, J. P., Christian, J. R., Doney, S. C., Ilyina, T., Lindsay, K., Halloran, P. R., Heinze, C., Segschneider, J., Tjiputra, J., Aumont, O., and Romanou, A. : Inconsistent strategies to spin up models in CMIP5 : implications for ocean biogeochemical model performance assessment, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1827–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016, 2016.

[24] Desiree Tommasi, Charles A. Stock, Alistair J. Hobday, Rick Methot, Isaac C. Kaplan, J. Paige Eveson, Kirstin Holsman, Timothy J. Miller, Sarah Gaichas, Marion Gehlen, Andrew Pershing, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Rym Msadek, Tom Delworth, C. Mark Eakin, Melissa A. Haltuch, Séférian, R., Claire M. Spillman, Jason R. Hartog, Samantha Siedlecki, Jameal F. Samhouri, Barbara Muhling, Rebecca G. Asch, Malin L. Pinsky, Vincent S. Saba, Sarah B. Kapnick, Carlos F. Gaitan, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Michael A. Alexander, Yan Xue, Kathleen V. Pegion, Patrick Lynch, Mark R. Payne, Trond Kristiansen, Patrick Lehodey, Francisco E. Werner : Managing living marine resources in a dynamic environment : The role of seasonal to decadal climate forecasts. Progress In Oceanography 02/2017 ; 152., DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2016.12.011

[23] Younjoo J. Lee, Patricia A. Matrai, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Vincent S. Saba, Olivier Aumont, Marcel Babin, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Matthieu Chevallier, Lee de Mora, Morgane Dessert, John P. Dunne, Ingrid H. Ellingsen, Doron Feldman, Robert Frouin, Marion Gehlen, Thomas Gorgues, Tatiana Ilyina, Meibing Jin, Jasmin G. John, Jonathan Lawrence, Manfredi Manizza, Christophe Eugène Menkes, Coralie Perruche, Vincent Le Fouest, Ekaterina E. Popova, Anastasia Romanou, Annette Samuelsen, Jörg Schwinger, Séférian, R., Charles A. Stock, Jerry Tjiputra, L. Bruno Tremblay, Kyozo Ueyoshi, Marcello Vichi, Andrew Yool, Jinlun Zhang : Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean : An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models. Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans 11/2016 ; 121(12)., DOI:10.1002/2016JC011993

[22] Corinne Le Quéré, Robbie M. Andrew, Josep G. Canadell, Stephen Sitch, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Glen P. Peters, Andrew C. Manning, Thomas A. Boden, Pieter P. Tans, Richard A. Houghton, Ralph F. Keeling, Simone Alin, Oliver D. Andrews, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Philippe Ciais, Kim Currie, Christine Delire, Scott C. Doney, Pierre Friedlingstein, Thanos Gkritzalis, Ian Harris, Judith Hauck, Vanessa Haverd, Mario Hoppema, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Atul K. Jain, Etsushi Kato, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Joe R. Melton, Nicolas Metzl, Frank Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Kevin O&apos ;Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Christian Rödenbeck, Joe Salisbury, Ute Schuster, Jörg Schwinger, Séférian, R., Ingunn Skjelvan, Benjamin D. Stocker, Adrienne J. Sutton, Taro Takahashi, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Ingrid T. van der Laan-Luijkx, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Viovy, Anthony P. Walker, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Sönke Zaehle : Global Carbon Budget 2016. 10/2016 ;, DOI:10.5194/essd-2016-51

[21] Charlotte Laufkötter, Meike Vogt, Nicolas Gruber, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, Scott C. Doney, John P. Dunne, Judith Hauck, Jasmin G. John, Ivan D. Lima, Séférian, R., Christoph Völker : Projected decreases in future marine export production : The role of the carbon flux through the upper ocean ecosystem. Biogeosciences 07/2016 ; 13(13):4023-4047., DOI:10.5194/bg-13-4023-2016

[20] Olivier Boucher, Valentin Bellassen, Hélène Benveniste, Philippe Ciais, Patrick Criqui, Céline Guivarch, Hervé Le Treut, Sandrine Mathy, Séférian, R. : Opinion : In the wake of Paris Agreement, scientists must embrace new directions for climate change research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 07/2016 ; 113(27):7287-7290., DOI:10.1073/pnas.1607739113

[19] Jiafu Mao, Aurélien Ribes, Binyan Yan, Xiaoying Shi, Peter E. Thornton, Séférian, R., Philippe Ciais, Ranga B. Myneni, Hervé Douville, Shilong Piao, Zaichun Zhu, Robert E. Dickinson, Yongjiu Dai, Daniel M. Ricciuto, Mingzhou Jin, Forrest M. Hoffman, Bin Wang, Mengtian Huang, Xu Lian : Human-induced greening of the northern extratropical land surface. Nature Climate Change 06/2016 ; 6(10)., DOI:10.1038/nclimate3056

[18] Le Mézo, P., Lefort, S., Séférian, R., Aumont, O., Maury, O., Murtugudde, R. and Bopp, L. : Natural variability of marine ecosystems inferred from a coupled climate to ecosystem simulation, Journal of Marine Systems, 153(C), 55-66. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.09.004, 2016.


2015

[17] Le Quéré, C., Moriarty, R., Andrew, R. M., Peters, G. P., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Jones, S. D., Sitch, S., Tans, P., Arneth, A., Boden, T. A., Bopp, L., Bozec, Y., Canadell, J. G., Chini, L. P., Chevallier, F., Cosca, C. E., Harris, I., Hoppema, M., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Jain, A. K., Johannessen, T., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kitidis, V., Klein Goldewijk, K., Koven, C., Landa, C. S., Landschützer, P., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Marland, G., Mathis, J. T., Metzl, N., Nojiri, Y., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Peng, S., Peters, W., Pfeil, B., Poulter, B., Raupach, M. R., Regnier, P., Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Salisbury, J. E., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Segschneider, J., Steinhoff, T., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G. R., Viovy, N., Wang, Y. P., Wanninkhof, R., Wiltshire, A. and Zeng, N. : Global Carbon Budget 2015, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7(2), 349–396, doi:10.5194/essd-7-349-2015, 2015.

[16] Laufkötter, C., Vogt, M., Gruber, N., Aita-Noguchi, M., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Buitenhuis, E., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J., Hashioka, T., Hauck, J., Hirata, T., John, J., Le Quéré, C., Lima, I. D., Nakano, H., Séférian, R., Totterdell, I., Vichi, M. and Völker, C. : Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models, Biogeosciences, 12(23), 6955–6984, doi:10.5194/bg-12-6955-2015, 2015.

[15] Hauck, J., Völker, C., Wolf-Gladrow, D. A., Laufkötter, C., Vogt, M., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Buitenhuis, E., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J., Gruber, N., Hashioka, T., John, J., Le Quéré, C., Lima, I. D., Nakano, H., Séférian, R. and Totterdell, I. : On the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and the role of the biological carbon pump in the 21st century, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 29, doi:10.1002/2015GB005140, 2015.

[14] Le Quéré, C., Moriarty, R., Andrew, R. M., Peters, G. P., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Jones, S. D., Sitch, S., Tans, P., Arneth, A., Boden, T. A., Bopp, L., Bozec, Y., Canadell, J. G., Chini, L. P., Chevallier, F., Cosca, C. E., Harris, I., Hoppema, M., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Jain, A. K., Johannessen, T., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kitidis, V., Klein Goldewijk, K., Koven, C., Landa, C. S., Landschützer, P., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Marland, G., Mathis, J. T., Metzl, N., Nojiri, Y., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Peng, S., Peters, W., Pfeil, B., Poulter, B., Raupach, M. R., Regnier, P., Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Salisbury, J. E., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Segschneider, J., Steinhoff, T., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G. R., Viovy, N., Wang, Y. P., Wanninkhof, R., Wiltshire, A. and Zeng, N. : Global carbon budget 2014, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7(1), 47–85, doi:10.5194/essd-7-47-2015, 2015.

[13] Middag, R., Séférian, R., Conway, T. M., John, S. G., Bruland, K. W. and de Baar, H. J. W. : Intercomparison of dissolved trace elements at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series station, Marine Chemistry VL -, (0 SP - EP - PY - T2 -), 2015.

[12] Resplandy, L., Séférian, R. and Bopp, L. : Natural variability of CO2 and O2 fluxes : What can we learn from centuries-long climate models simulations ? Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 120(1), 384–404, doi:10.1002/2014JC010463, 2015.

[11] Swingedouw, D., Ortega, P., Mignot, J., Guilyardi, E., Masson-Delmotte, V., Butler, P. G., Khodri, M. and Séférian, R. : Bidecadal North Atlantic ocean circulation variability controlled by timing of volcanic eruptions, Nat Commun, 6:6545, doi:10.1038/ncomms7545, 2015.


2014

[10] Gehlen, M., Séférian, R., Jones, D. O. B., Roy, T., Roth, R., Barry, J., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Heinze, C., Joos, F., Orr, J. C., Resplandy, L., Segschneider, J. and Tjiputra, J. : Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep North Atlantic biodiversity at risk, Biogeosciences, 11(23), 6955–6967, 2014.

[9] Schwinger, J., Tjiputra, J. F., Heinze, C., Bopp, L., Christian, J. R., Gehlen, M., Ilyina, T., Jones, C. D., Salas-Mélia, D., Segschneider, J., Séférian, R. and Totterdell, I. : Nonlinearity of Ocean Carbon Cycle Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models, J. Climate, 27(11), 3869–3888, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00452.1, 2014.

[8] Servonnat, J., Mignot, J., Guilyardi, E., Swingedouw, D., Séférian, R. and Labetoulle, S. : Reconstructing the subsurface ocean decadal variability using surface nudging in a perfect model framework, Clim Dyn, 44(1-2), 1–24–24, doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2184-7, 2014.

[7] Séférian, R., Bopp, L., Gehlen, M., Swingedouw, D., Mignot, J., Guilyardi, E. and Servonnat, J. : Multiyear predictability of tropical marine productivity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(32), 11646–11651, 2014a.

[6] Séférian, R., Ribes, A. and Bopp, L. : Detecting the anthropogenic influences on recent changes in ocean carbon uptake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41(16), 5968–5977, doi:10.1002/2014GL061223, 2014b.


2013

[5] Bopp, L., Resplandy, L., Orr, J. C., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Gehlen, M., Halloran, P., Heinze, C., Ilyina, T., Séférian, R., Tjiputra, J. and Vichi, M. : Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century : projections with CMIP5 models, Biogeosciences, 10(10), 6225–6245, doi:10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013, 2013.

[4] Mignot, J., Swingedouw, D., Deshayes, J., Marti, O., Talandier, C., Séférian, R., Lengaigne, M. and Madec, G. : On the evolution of the oceanic component of the IPSL climate models from CMIP3 to CMIP5 : A mean state comparison, Ocean Modelling, 72 IS -(0 SP - EP - PY - T2 -), 167–184, 2013.

[3] Séférian, R., Bopp, L., Gehlen, M., Orr, J., Ethé, C., Cadule, P., Aumont, O., Salas y Mélia, D., Voldoire, A. and Madec, G. : Skill assessment of three earth system models with common marine biogeochemistry, Climate Dynamics, 40(9-10), 2549–2573, doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1362-8, 2013a.

[2] Séférian, R., Bopp, L., Swingedouw, D. and Servonnat, J. : Dynamical and biogeochemical control on the decadal variability of ocean carbon fluxes, Earth Syst. Dynam., 4(1), 109–127, doi:10.5194/esd-4-109-2013, 2013b.


2012

[1] Séférian, R., Iudicone, D., Bopp, L., Roy, T. and Madec, G. : Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO2 Fluxes : The Southern Ocean, J. Climate, 25(11), 3894–3908, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00291.1, 2012.


 Chapitres

[6] M. R. Allen, H. de Coninck, O. P. Dube, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, D. Jacob, K. Jiang, A. Revi, J. Rogelj, J. Roy, D. Shindell, W. Solecki, M. Taylor, P. Tschakert, H. Waisman, S. A. Halim, P. Antwi-Agyei, F. Aragón–Durand, M. Babiker, P. Bertoldi, M. Bindi, S. Brown, M. Buckeridge, I. Camilloni, A. Cartwright, W. Cramer, P. Dasgupta, A. Diedhiou, R. Djalante, W. Dong, K. L. Ebi, F. Engelbrecht, S. Fifita, J. Ford, P. Forster, S. Fuss, B. Hayward, J.-C. Hourcade, V. Ginzburg, J. Guiot, C. Handa, Y. Hijioka, S. Humphreys, M. Kainuma, J. Kala, M. Kanninen, H. Kheshgi, S. Kobayashi, E. Kriegler, D. Ley, D. Liverman, N. Mahowald, R. Mechler, S. Mehrotra, Y. Mulugetta, L. Mundaca, P. Newman, C. Okereke, A. Payne, R. Perez, P. F. Pinho, A. Revokatova, K. Riahi, S. Schultz, \textbfR. Séférian, S. I. Seneviratne, L. Steg, A. G. Suarez Rodriguez, T. Sugiyama, A. Thomas, M. V. Vilariño, M. Wairiu, R. Warren, G. Zhou, K. Zickfeld, 2018, Technical Sunnary. In : Global warming of 1.5 °C . An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.

[5] M. R. Allen, O. P. Dube, W. Solecki, F. Aragón–Durand, W. Cramer, S. Humphreys, M. Kainuma, J. Kala, N. Mahowald, Y. Mulugetta, R. Perez, M. Wairiu, K. Zickfeld, 2018, Framing and Context. In : Global warming of 1.5 °C . An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.

[4] J. Rogelj, D. Shindell, K. Jiang, S. Fifita, P. Forster, V. Ginzburg, C. Handa, H. Kheshgi, S. Kobayashi, E. Kriegler, L. Mundaca, \textbfR. Séférian, M. V. Vilariño, 2018, Mitigation pathways compatible with 1.5 °C in the context of sustainable development. In : Global warming of 1.5 °C . An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P. R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.

[3] O. Hoegh-Guldberg, D. Jacob, M. Taylor, M. Bindi, S. Brown, I. Camilloni, A. Diedhiou, R. Djalante, K. Ebi, F. Engelbrecht, J. Guiot, Y. Hijioka, S. Mehrotra, A. Payne, S. I. Seneviratne, A. Thomas, R. Warren, G. Zhou, 2018, Impacts of 1.5 °C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems. In : Global Warming of 1.5 °C . An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5 °C above Pre-Industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.

[2] H. de Coninck, A. Revi, M. Babiker, P. Bertoldi, M. Buckeridge, A. Cartwright, W. Dong, J. Ford, S. Fuss, JC. Hourcade, D. Ley, R. Mechler, P. Newman, A. Revokatova, S. Schultz, L. Steg, T. Sugiyama, 2018, Strengthening and implementing the global response. In : Global warming of 1.5 °C . An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the
global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson- Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.

[1] Garçon, V., Bell, T., Wallace, D., Arnold, S., Baker, A., Bakker, D. E., Bange, H., Bates, N., Bopp, L., Boutin, J., Boyd, P., Bracher, A., Burrows, J., Carpenter, L., de Leeuw, G., Fennel, K., Font, J., Friedrich, T., Garbe, C., Gruber, N., Jaeglé, L., Lana, A., Lee, J., Liss, P., Miller, L., Olgun, N., Olsen, A., Pfeil, B., Quack, B., Read, K., Reul, N., Rödenbeck, C., Rohekar, S., Saiz-Lopez, A., Saltzman, E., Schneising, O., Schuster, U., Séférian, R. Steinhoff, T., Traon, P.-Y. and Ziska, F. : Perspectives and Integration in SOLAS Science, in Springer Earth System Sciences, edited by P. S. Liss and M. T. Johnson, pp. 247–306, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2014.


 Manuscrits

[2] Séférian, R. (2019) : Cycle du carbone global : Variabilité, Rétroactions et Couplages aux interfaces. Habilitation à Diriger les Recherches de l’Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse. HAL

[1] Séférian, R. (2013) : Impact du Changement Climatique sur les Flux de Carbone vers l’Océan : Rôle de la Variabilité Décennale. Thèse de doctorat de l’Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin.


 Vulgarisation

Le climat en question : link
Conférence Cité de Sciences : Artificialisation du vivant : video
Podcast The Big Shift Géo-ingénierie : le pari controversé de l’intervention climatique
Présentation du rapport SR1.5 du GIEC pour le Plan National de Formation de l’Éducation Nationale : video
Rapport d’Ambassade de France aux États Unis : Interventions sur le climat – état des lieux des initiatives aux Etats-Unis ici


 Enseignement

* Cours "Introduction to greenhouse gases mitigation" Climate Action Program TBS (Toulouse) version 2021 :
Cours 1 (version compressée, sans video)
Cours 2 (version compressée, sans video)
* Cours Climate Action Program TBS (Toulouse) version 2023 :
Cours 1 ’Contexte & Enjeux’ (version compressée, sans video, avec mise à jour COP27)
Cours 2 ’Scénarios & Pathways’(version compressée, sans video)
Cours 3 ’Mitigation and Climate Solutions’ (version compressée, sans video)
* Travaux pratiques "Simulation Climatique" Master 2 SOAC (Toulouse) :
support data+script
correction partie 1
correction partie 2
correction partie 3



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