Modelling components (under development)
| Component | ALADIN | COSMO | HIRLAM | UM/JULES | ECMWF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surface energy balance | Patch approach over the nature tile : (up to) 12 different energy and water budgets | Flexible tile approach with separate energy budgets | Multi Energy Balance in SURFEX/HARMONIE | Flexible tile scheme with user defined tiles and elevation bands | None |
| Coupling with the atmosphere | None | None | None | None | None |
| Soil transfers | Multi-layer soil scheme (ISBA-DIF) | Account for heterogeneous soil properties and organic soils | Multi-layer soil scheme in SURFEX/HARMONIE | Increased number of soil layers linked to code enhancement | None |
| Frozen soils | Multi-layer diffusion scheme | None | Multi-layer diffusion scheme | None | None |
| Vegetation | Two layers - separate energy balance for high and low vegetation canopies : MEB scheme | Water interception reservoir; improved root profiles | MEB scheme : improved vegetation-snow interactions in SURFEX/HARMONIE | None | None |
| Snow model | Three-layer scheme (variable depths) – liquid water in snow pack as an additional prognostic variable | Multi-layer – liquid water in snow pack as additional prognostic variable | Three-layer snow scheme | Multi-layer scheme – snow mass, snow density; liquid water in snow pack, dynamic snow layer depths | Snow/forest albedo revision and rainfall interception in the snow pack |
| Lake model | bulk fresh water lake model (Flake) | None | FLake in SURFEX/HARMONIE | FLake coupled via surface fluxes | bulk fresh water lake model (FLake) |
| Sea-ice | Sea-ice model | None | Sea-ice model with snow on top | Multi-layer thermodynamics with sea-ice categories | None |
| Ocean model | 1-D mixed layer ocean (based on TKE concept) | None | 1D-mixed model in SURFEX/HARMONIE | None | 1-D mixed layer ocean (based on TKE concept) |
| Urban areas | Town Energy Budget (TEB) model with CANOPY | Multi-layer urban canopy parameterization | None | 2 tile urban scheme with varying parameters | None |
| Chemistry module | Aerosols and dust emission | COSMO-ART : aerosols and dust emission | None | None | None |
| Surface boundary layer | 5-layer scheme solving turbulent prognostic equations without advection | None | Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. T2m and q2m defined as canopy air values in the forest (not used in data assimilation) | None | None |