Operational short-range Limited Area Models (LAM) in Europe are mostly being developed by consortia of collaborating National Meteorological Services (NMS’s), such as HIRLAM [1] (High Resolution Limited Area Model), ALADIN.
In 2005, ALADIN and HIRLAM engaged in a close code cooperation to to develop and maintain a common, state-of-the-art mesoscale LAM model code for short-range numerical weather prediction, within the code framework of the IFS/ARPEGE.
The terms of the ALADIN-HIRLAM collaboration have been formalized in the Collaboration Agreement between the ALADIN and HIRLAM consortia adopted in December 2016. The two consortia worked together with the aim of forming a single consortium at the latest by the end of 2020. ACCORD was born.

In 2018, ten NMSs (most of them being also HIRLAM Partners) signed a memorandum of understanding with the intention to join forces in regional weather forecasting to operate a common numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, combining their experiences, knwoledge and resources in operational NWP. This collaboration has been named United Weather Centers (UWC).
An article on UWC was published by Jørn Kristiansen (Norwegian Meteorological Institute and Chair of the UWC Steering Committee) and Dick Blaauboer (KNMI – Dutch Meteorological Service and Project Manager of UWC) in the December 2018 edition of the European Meteorological Society‘s bimonthly newsletter: https://www.emetsoc.org/uwc-short-range-weather-forecasts/ .