AMMA
AMMA
African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses |
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AMMA, launched in 2002, is an international interdisciplinary research programme concerned with the variability of the West African Monsoon (WAM) and its impacts on communities in that region.
Coordinator | Jean-Luc Redelsperger - CNRS |
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CNRM-GAME contact | Jean-Philippe Lafore | |
CNRM-GAME teams | International executive office | |
Project web site | AMMA | |
Funding | ||
Start date | 2002 | |
Duration | 8 years and reconducted for 10 years |
Goals
To improve our understanding of the WAM and its influence on the physical, chemical and biological environment regionally and globally.
To provide the underpinning science that relates variability of the WAM to issues of health, water resources, food security and demography for West African nations and defining and implementing relevant monitoring and prediction strategies.
To ensure that the multidisciplinary research carried out in AMMA is effectively integrated with prediction and decision making activity.
CNRM-GAME contribution
The International executive office of AMMA is welcoming since 2007 by the CNRM. This allows a coordination at national, international and African level.
The contribution of Meteo-France through the CNRM-GAME is:
Participation at the field campaigns
Participation in research activities (assimilation, convection, mesoscale, climate, chemistry, aerosols, ocean)
The implementation of observation facilities (ATR42, oceanographic campaigns EGEE-AMMA, VHF)
And specific forecast of high resolution (10 km) during the SOP.
Project description
While large uncertainties remain about future prospects for regional climate variability and change in West Africa (IPCC 2007), the impacts of climate variability on the continent, especially in the Sahelo-Saharan zone, are already making themselves felt. Observations have shown that this region experienced one of the largest rainfall deficits on the planet last century. It The region is particularly vulnerable to climate variability due to the societal dependence of various activities on weather and climate, such as rain-fed agriculture (on which 80% of Sahel’s population depend). Economic and institutional capacities are too limited to confront situations and adapt to their consequences.
Researchers from Africa, Europe and the USA are working together to study crucial questions posed by these issues. The need to improve weather and climatic forecasting for implementation of early warning systems motivated the scientific community to define the three major objectives for AMMA.
Results from AMMA phase 1
Strong international multi-agency coordination generated a research community of 600 committed participants. Within this community, 250 African researchers, grouped into a network called AMMA-Africa, have been working on AMMA science.
Thanks to this international coordination, AMMA has achieved a lot : 500 papers in quality peer-reviewed publications, including 10 special issues; the organization of international conferences (Dakar 2005, Karlsruhe 2007 and Ouagadougou 2009) bringing together an average of 400 researchers; an unprecedented multi-scale multidisciplinary database used across the world and mirrored in Africa; the deployment of long-term observation systems since 2001, and more far-reaching field campaigns between 2005 and 2007, with several periods of intense observation.
After 8 years of activity, AMMA has become a flagship research programme on climate and meteorology in West Africa and is now planning for the next 10 years. The research has lead to significant advances in our knowledge and understanding of the multi-scale multidisciplinary aspects of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-land WAM system – going a long way to addressing the first objective of AMMA. The AMMA programme has also succeeded in laying the groundwork in terms of science and establishing research collaborations to address its second and third objectives.
Training and education has been a priority for AMMA. AMMA has helped with the training of about 160 PhD students, of which half were African. About 80 doctoral theses have already been completed, of which 28 were by Africans. Three summer schools, and four training workshops were successfully implemented bringing together students, researchers and forecasters from Africa and all over the world. Through AMMA, new Masters programmes have also been established. All of these activities demonstrate AMMA’s emphasis on education and training.
The strong intention of AMMA communication is to diffuse knowledge and to increase awareness of issues related to weather and climate and their impacts on societies, especially in Africa.
A second phase for AMMA
At the end of the 1st phase of the AMMA program in 2010, it has been reconducted for 10 more years. This current second phase is presented on the specific web page AMMA-2 of this site of CNRM-GAME.
Partners
Founding and supporting organizations
ACMAD - ARM - ASECNA - CILSS - CNES - CNRS (INSU-INEE) -CERMES - Union Européenne - 2iE - ICSU-RoA - IFREMER - IRD - Météo France - MetOffice - MAE - NASA - NERC - NOAA - WMO
Programmes:
CLIVAR – GCOS – GEWEX – IGAC – IGBP – ILEAPS – THORPEX – WCRP
And with the participation of :
Algeria : Algérie
Office National de la Météorologie
Benin : Bénin
Centre National de Télédétection et de Surveillance du Couvert Forestier
Direction Générale de l’Eau (DG-Eau)
Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
Centre de Recherches Halieutiques et Océanologiques du Bénin (CRHOB)
Université d’Abomey-Calavi
Burkina Faso :
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique
Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie/Direction de la Météorologie
Direction Générale de l’Hydraulique
Direction Générale de l’Inventaire des Ressources Hydrauliques
Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles
Université de Ouagadougou
Cabo Verde : Cap Vert
Instituto Nacional de Gestao dos Recursos Hidricos
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica
Instituto Superior de Engenharia e Ciências do Mar
Cameroon : Cameroun
Centre de Recherches Hydrologiques
Université de Dschang
Université de Yaoundé 1
Chad : Tchad
Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
Direction des Ressources en Eau et de la Météorologie
Ministère de l’Environnement et de l’Eau
Congo :
Université du Congo
Gambia : Gambie
Global change Research Unit, Department of Water Resources
Ghana : Ghana
Ghana Meteorological Agency
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
University of Ghana, Legon
Hydrological Department
Guinea Bissau : Guinée Bissau
Serviço Meteorologico Nacional
Guinée Conakry :
Direction Nationale de la Météorologie de Guinée
Direction Nationale de l’hydrologie
Ivory Coast : Côte d’Ivoire
Direction de l’Hydrologie
Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
Institut de Géographie Tropicale
Université de Cocody, Abidjan
Université de Abobo-Adjamé (Centre de Recherche en Ecologie/Station d’Ecologie de Lamto)
Centre de Recherches Océanologiques (CRO), Abidjan
Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de Mécanique des Fluides (LAPA-MF)
Mali :
Direction Nationale de la Météorologie
Direction Nationale de l’Hydraulique
Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs
Institut d’Economie Rurale
Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique
Institut Polytechnique Rural de Katibougou
Secrétariat Technique Permanent
Université de Bamako
Marocco : Maroc
Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
Niger :
AGRHYMET
Centre Régional d’Enseignement Spécialisé en Agriculture
Direction de l’Hydrologie
Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey
Nigeria :
Federal Ministry of Agriculture
Federal University of Technology, Akure
Nigerian Meteorological Agency
Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research(NIOMR)
Obafemi Awolowo University
University of Jos
University of Lagos
Senegal: Sénégal
Centre d’Études Régional pour l’Améloration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse
Centre de Suivi écologique
Direction de l’Hydraulique
Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique
Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles
Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar
Centre de Recherches Tropicales de Climatologie en Afrique (CRTCA)
Laboratoire d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Géomatique (LERG)
Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère Siméon Fongang (LPASF)
Togo :
Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
Direction Générale de l’Hydraulique et de l’Energie
Université de Lomé
Belgium : Belgique
Université Catholique de Louvain
Denmark : Danemark
University of Copenhagen
Finland : Finlande
Vaisala OYJ
Germany : Allemagne
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Universität Bremen
Universität Karlsruhe
Universität zu Köln
Leibniz Institüt für Meereswissenschaften - Universität Kiel (IFM-GEOMAR)
Italy : Italie
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
Ente per Nuove Technologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente
Universita Degli Studi di Perugia
Netherlands : Pays-Bas
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
Spain : Espagne
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
Universitad Complutense de Madrid
United Kingdom : Royaume Uni
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of University of Cambridge
Cranfield University
European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts.
Imperial College
Lancaster University
Ocean Scientific International Ltd
University College, London
University of East Anglia
University of Leeds
University of Leicester
University of Liverpool
University of Manchester
University of Oxford
University of Reading
University of York
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH)
Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Cambridge
Environment Systems Science Centre (ESSC), University of Reading
Facility for Airborne and Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM)
United States : Etats Unis d’Amérique
Brookhaven National Laboratory
California State University
Colorado State University
Columbia University
Florida State University
George Mason University
Howard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
National Center for Atmospheric Sciences
Naval Research Laboratory
SPEC incorporated
University at Albany
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
University of Connecticut
University of Cornell
University of Maryland-Baltimore
University of Miami
University of North Dakota
University of Oklahoma
University of Utah
University of Virginia
Atlantic Oceanic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL)
Hurricane Research Division (HRD)
National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Services (NESDIS)
National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL)
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory (NREL)