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Requested Output Data

Page Contents:

  1. General Overview
  2. Output Grid or Vector
  3. Output file naming convention
  4. Averages verses instantaneous values
  5. Output Variables to Report
    1. Output for Tile schemes
    2. Example Output NetCDF Headers
    3. Server Information for Downloading/Submission of Results

General

    The output variable listing here has been taken from the ALMA Standard Model Output site using the Version-2 convention, with the exception that the cold-season variables have been removed. See the ALMA site for more information. Note that many of the links on this page will take you to the ALMA site.

    Values are to reported at each 3 hour forcing time step for the core two-year period (2004-2005) at each grid point over the regional domain (-20 to 30 E, and -5 to 20 N: for Exp.s 1 and 2).

    Note that for convenience (and possible use by other projects), the atmospheric forcing and surface parameter data have been provided on a rectangular grid. Note that while there are 5151 grid points, only 3650 correspond to land points (i.e. those containing a non-negligible fraction of land using the provided ECOCLIMAP land mask). Results only need be reported for these points. However, one may report results on grids with all 5151 points with the non-land points flagged.

Output for Tile schemes

    In the original document, we requested that tile schemes report variables for all tiles within each grid box, but this might represent an inordinate amount of data for certain schemes. We therefore requesting that those running tile schemes report their grid box average values over the entire domain at each 3-hour time step (as the non-tile schemes), but also provide an additional file containing output variables for all tiles over a significantly reduced domain AND time period. The reduced domain consists in the CATCH window (Exp. 3 domain, or the so-called "sub-regional" window, see the experimental domains). The time period encompasses the main monsoon season: the 4 month period from

0UTC, June 1 to 24 UTC, Sep. 30

The corresponding grid cell listing (mask) is almip_vector_dat_catch.asc.gz. There are 290 0.5 degree grid points within this reduced domain (compared to 3650 for the entire regional scale domain).

Output Grid or Vector

Participants have the option of submitting results for Exp.s 1 and 2 either:

  1. Over the entire 2D grid (101x51 = 5151 points). In this case, all non-land points (as defined by the variable Land_mask in the input file (ecoclimap-2.nc) are to be FLAGGED
  2. Only over the land portion of the domain (3650 grid points)

The correspondence between the 2D grid coordinates (x,y and longitude, latitude) and the compressed vector can be found in the ASCII file almip_vector_dat.asc.gz.

Output file naming convention

    Participants should prepare 2 output files for Exp.1. They should be named using the following convention:

scheme-acronym_ExpX_yyyy.nc

where yyyy=2004 or 2005, and X=1. There should be 2 Exp.2 files which should use the same convention as above: but note that the file

scheme-acronym_Exp2_2004.nc

need only contain output data from June 1, 2004, through December 31, 2004. The file

scheme-acronym_Exp2_2005.nc

should contain data for the entire year (i.e. as the Exp.1 files). Any ancillary files (containing the soil grid information, soil hydrological parameters, etc...) should named as

scheme-acronym_ExpX.nc

where X corresponds to Exp.1 or 2. If the values are the same for both experiments (which is presumably the case), just one file is needed.

Tile schemes are requested to report grid box average values in the aforementioned standard output files. They are also to report an additional file for each experiment over a significantly smaller sub-domain (to be defined). The naming convention is

scheme-acronym_ExpX_tile_yyyy.nc

Averages verses instantaneous values

    As a general rule fluxes are averaged over the time-step. Other variables on the contrary should be instantaneous samples in order to capture well the diurnal cycle or total change. This obviously only applies if the time sampling is high enough for the instantaneous variables to be representative of the time interval. For this table, variables which must be returned as averages are in red in the variable listing.

Output Variables to Report

The variables have been grouped into seven general categories which go from very general to highly specialized :

O.1) General energy balance components
This table should provide the main energy fluxes at the surface so that a verification of the long term energy balance can be made.
O.2) General water balance components
In this table all grid-averaged components of the water balance are requested. These components should enable an analysis of the water balance of the model.
O.3) Surface state variables
This table provides the basic state variables at the surface which are simulated by the schemes.It documents in a general way the simulated evolution of the surface.
O.4) Sub-surface state variables
In this table the state of the subsurface is described. Its thermodynamics as well as its hydrological conditions are described without going into the details of the various processes.
O.5) Evaporation components
This table details the evaporation fluxes and thus describes all the components which make up the water flux from the surface to the atmosphere.
O.6) Streamflow
This specialized table documents the lateral flow of water in the land-surface scheme if it is simulated.
O.7) Remote Sensing
This specialized table documents variables to possibly be compared with remote sensed data.

O.1) General energy balance components:

(Expected range)

Variable
Description
Definition
Units
Positive Dir. (Traditional)
Positive Dir. (Mathematical)
Priority
SWnet
Net shortwave radiation
Incoming solar radiation less the simulated outgoing shortwave radiation, averaged over a grid cell
W/m2
Downward
Downward
Mandatory
LWnet
Net longwave radiation
Incident longwave radiation less the simulated outgoing longwave radiation, averaged over a grid cell
W/m2
Downward
Downward
Mandatory
Qle
Latent heat flux
Energy of evaporation, averaged over a grid cell
W/m2
Upward
Downward
Mandatory
Qh
Sensible heat flux
Sensible energy, averaged over a grid cell
W/m2
Upward
Downward
Mandatory
Qg
Ground heat flux
Heat flux into the ground, averaged over a grid cell
W/m2
Downward
Upward
Mandatory
Qtau
Momentum flux
module of the momentum lost by the atmosphere to the surface.
N/m2
Downward
Downward
Recommended
DelSurfHeat
Change in surface heat storage
Change in heat storage over the soil layer and the vegetation for which the energy balance is calculated, accumulated over the sampling time interval.
J/m2
Increase
Increase
Recommended

O.2) General water balance components:

(Expected range)

Variable
Description
Definition
Units
Positive Dir. (Traditional)
Positive Dir. (Mathematical)
Priority
Rainf
Rainfall rate
Average of the total rainfall over a time step and grid cell.
kg/m2s
Downward
Downward
Mandatory
Evap
Total Evapotranspiration
Sum of all evaporation sources, averaged over a grid cell
kg/m2s
Upward
Downward
Mandatory
Qs
Surface runoff
Runoff from the landsurface and/or subsurface stormflow
kg/m2s
Out of gridcell
Into gridcell
Mandatory
Qrec
Recharge
Recharge from river to the flood plain
kg/m2s
Into gridcell
Out of gridcell
Optional
Qsb
Subsurface runoff
Gravity drainage and/or slow response lateral flow. Ground water recharge will have the opposite sign.
kg/m2s
Out of gridcell
Into gridcell
Mandatory
DelSoilMoist
Change in soil moisture
Change in the simulated vertically integrated soil water volume, averaged over a grid cell, accumulated over the sampling time interval.
kg/m2
Increase
Increase
Mandatory
DelSurfStor
Change in Surface Water Storage
Change in vertically integrated liquid water storage, other than soil, snow or interception (lake, depression and river channel etc.), accumulated over the sampling time interval.
kg/m2
Increase
Increase
Recommended
DelIntercept
Change in interception storage
Change in the total liquid water storage in the canopy, accumulated over the sampling time interval.
kg/m2
Increase
Increase
Recommended

O.3)Surface state variables:

(Expected range)

Variable
Description
Definition
Units
Positive Dir. (Traditional)
Positive Dir. (Mathematical)
Priority
VegT
Vegetation Canopy Temperature
Vegetation temperature, averaged over all vegetation types
K
-
-
Mandatory
BaresoilT
Temperature of bare soil
Surface bare soil temperature
K
-
-
Mandatory
AvgSurfT
Average surface temperature
Average of all vegetation, bare soil and snow skin temperatures
K
-
-
Mandatory
RadT
Surface Radiative Temperature
Effective radiative surface temperature, averaged over the grid cell
K
-
-
Mandatory
Albedo
Surface Albedo
Grid cell average albedo for all wavelengths.
-
-
-
Mandatory
SurfStor
Surface Water Storage
Total liquid water storage, other than soil, snow or interception storage (i.e. lakes, river channel or depression storage).
kg/m2
-
-
Mandatory

O.4)Subsurface State Variables

(Expected range)

Variable
Description
Definition
Units
Positive Dir. (Traditional)
Positive Dir. (Mathematical)
Priority
SoilMoist
Average layer soil moisture
Soil water content in each user-defined soil layer (3D variable). Includes the liquid, vapor and solid phases of water in the soil.
kg/m2
-
-
Mandatory
SoilTemp
Average layer soil temperature
Average soil temperature in each user-defined soil layer (3D variable)
K
-
-
Recommended
SoilWet
Total Soil Wetness
Vertically integrated soil moisture divided by maximum allowable soil moisture above wilting point.
-
-
-
Mandatory

O.5)Evaporation components:

(Expected range)

Variable
Description
Definition
Units
Positive Dir. (Traditional)
Positive Dir. (Mathematical)
Priority
PotEvap
Potential Evapotranspiration
The flux as computed for evapotranspiration but will all resistances set to zero, except the aerodynamic resistance.
kg/m2s
Upward
Downward
Recommended
ECanop
Interception evaporation
Evaporation from canopy interception, averaged over all vegetation types within a grid cell.
kg/m2s
Upward
Downward
Recommended
TVeg
Vegetation transpiration
Transpiration from canopy, averaged over all vegetation types within a grid cell.
kg/m2s
Upward
Downward
Mandatory
ESoil
Bare soil evaporation
Evaporation from bare soil.
kg/m2s
Upward
Downward
Mandatory
EWater
Open water evaporation
Evaporation from surface water storage.
kg/m2s
Upward
Downward
Recommended
RootMoist
Root zone soil moisture
Total simulated soil moisture available for evapotranspiration.
kg/m2
-
-
Mandatory
CanopInt
Total canopy water storage
Total canopy interception, averaged over all vegetation types within a grid cell.
kg/m2
-
-
Recommended
ACond
Aerodynamic conductance
Aerodynamic conductance to vapor transport, averaged over all vegetation types within the grid cell.
-
-
Mandatory

O.6)Other Hydrologic Variables:

(Expected range)

Variable
Description
Definition
Units
Positive Dir. (Traditional)
Positive Dir. (Mathematical)
Priority
Dis
Simulated River Discharge
Simulated river discharge at specified point locations within the grid.
m3
-
-
Optional
WaterTableD
Water table depth
Depth of the water table if it is considered by the land-surface scheme.
m
-
-
Optional

O.7)Variables to be compared with remote sensed data :

(Expected range)

Variable
Description
Definition
Units
Positive Dir. (Traditional)
Positive Dir. (Mathematical)
Priority
LWup
Upward long-wave broadband radiation
This upward longwave flux is to be compared to an ISCCP derived product.
W/m2
Upward
Upward
Recommended


Example Output NetCDF Headers

    As an aid, here are the sample NetCDF output header files from TESSEL (G. Basalmo, ECMWF). They have elected to output 3 files consisting in: i) the standard surface outputs, ii) outputs which have more than one level, and iii) ancillary information which may be pertinent to understanding their results. Note: participants are not obliged to split the files up in this fashion, it is just an example. Also, the ancillary files are not required, but are recommended (if a participant has to derive their own parameters, etc...).




netcdf TESSEL_exp1_2004 {
dimensions:
	y = 51 ;
	x = 101 ;
	time = UNLIMITED ; // (2928 currently)
	nlevs = 4 ;
variables:
	double lat(y) ;
		lat:units = "degrees_north" ;
		lat:long_name = "latitude" ;
	double lon(x) ;
		lon:units = "degrees_east" ;
		lon:long_name = "longitude" ;
	double time(time) ;
		time:units = "seconds" ;
		time:long_name = "Time in seconds" ;
		time:Time_label = "Start of output interval" ;
	int timestp(time) ;
		timestp:units = "-" ;
		timestp:long_name = "model time step" ;
		timestp:Time_label = "Start of output interval" ;
	float SWnet(time, y, x) ;
		SWnet:units = "W/m^2" ;
		SWnet:long_name = "Net shortwave radiation" ;
		SWnet:associate = "time y x" ;
		SWnet:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float LWnet(time, y, x) ;
		LWnet:units = "W/m^2" ;
		LWnet:long_name = "Net longwave radiation" ;
		LWnet:associate = "time y x" ;
		LWnet:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float Qle(time, y, x) ;
		Qle:units = "W/m^2" ;
		Qle:long_name = "Average latent heat flux" ;
		Qle:associate = "time y x" ;
		Qle:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float Qh(time, y, x) ;
		Qh:units = "W/m^2" ;
		Qh:long_name = "Average sensible heat flux" ;
		Qh:associate = "time y x" ;
		Qh:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float Qg(time, y, x) ;
		Qg:units = "W/m^2" ;
		Qg:long_name = "Average soil heat flux" ;
		Qg:associate = "time y x" ;
		Qg:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float Qf(time, y, x) ;
		Qf:units = "W/m^2" ;
		Qf:long_name = "Average soil fusion flux" ;
		Qf:associate = "time y x" ;
		Qf:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float DelSoilHeat(time, y, x) ;
		DelSoilHeat:units = "W/m^2" ;
		DelSoilHeat:long_name = "soil heat content change" ;
		DelSoilHeat:associate = "time y x" ;
		DelSoilHeat:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float DelColdCont(time, y, x) ;
		DelColdCont:units = "W/m^2" ;
		DelColdCont:long_name = "snow heat content change" ;
		DelColdCont:associate = "time y x" ;
		DelColdCont:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float LWup(time, y, x) ;
		LWup:units = "W/m^2" ;
		LWup:long_name = "Net longwave radiation" ;
		LWup:associate = "time y x" ;
		LWup:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float DelIntercept(time, y, x) ;
		DelIntercept:units = "kg/m^2" ;
		DelIntercept:long_name = "Interception storage change" ;
		DelIntercept:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		DelIntercept:associate = "time y x" ;
		DelIntercept:time_representation = "change over past output interval" ;
	float DelSWE(time, y, x) ;
		DelSWE:units = "kg/m^2" ;
		DelSWE:long_name = "Snow water storage change" ;
		DelSWE:associate = "time y x" ;
		DelSWE:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		DelSWE:time_representation = "change over past output interval" ;
	float DelSoilMoist(time, y, x) ;
		DelSoilMoist:units = "kg/m^2" ;
		DelSoilMoist:long_name = "Soil water storage change" ;
		DelSoilMoist:associate = "time y x" ;
		DelSoilMoist:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		DelSoilMoist:time_representation = "change over past output interval" ;
	float Evap(time, y, x) ;
		Evap:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		Evap:long_name = "Total evapotranspiration" ;
		Evap:associate = "time y x" ;
		Evap:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		Evap:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	float Qs(time, y, x) ;
		Qs:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		Qs:long_name = "Surface runoff" ;
		Qs:associate = "time y x" ;
		Qs:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		Qs:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	float Qsb(time, y, x) ;
		Qsb:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		Qsb:long_name = "Subsurface runoff" ;
		Qsb:associate = "time y x" ;
		Qsb:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		Qsb:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	float Qsm(time, y, x) ;
		Qsm:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		Qsm:long_name = "Snowmelt" ;
		Qsm:associate = "time y x" ;
		Qsm:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		Qsm:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	float Rainf(time, y, x) ;
		Rainf:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		Rainf:long_name = "Rainfall rate" ;
		Rainf:associate = "time y x" ;
		Rainf:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		Rainf:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	float Snowf(time, y, x) ;
		Snowf:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		Snowf:long_name = "Snowfall rate" ;
		Snowf:associate = "time y x" ;
		Snowf:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		Snowf:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	double nlevs(nlevs) ;
		nlevs:units = "m" ;
		nlevs:long_name = "soil level centre" ;
	float Albedo(time, y, x) ;
		Albedo:units = "-" ;
		Albedo:long_name = "Average albedo" ;
		Albedo:associate = "time y x" ;
		Albedo:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float AvgSurfT(time, y, x) ;
		AvgSurfT:units = "K" ;
		AvgSurfT:long_name = "Average surface temperature" ;
		AvgSurfT:associate = "time y x" ;
		AvgSurfT:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float BaresoilT(time, y, x) ;
		BaresoilT:units = "K" ;
		BaresoilT:long_name = "Skin temperature bare soil" ;
		BaresoilT:associate = "time y x" ;
		BaresoilT:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float RadT(time, y, x) ;
		RadT:units = "K" ;
		RadT:long_name = "Surface radiative temperature" ;
		RadT:associate = "time y x" ;
		RadT:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float SWE(time, y, x) ;
		SWE:units = "kg/m^2" ;
		SWE:long_name = "Snow water equivalent" ;
		SWE:associate = "time y x" ;
		SWE:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float SnowT(time, y, x) ;
		SnowT:units = "K" ;
		SnowT:long_name = "Snow temperature" ;
		SnowT:associate = "time y x" ;
		SnowT:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float VegT(time, y, x) ;
		VegT:units = "K" ;
		VegT:long_name = "Skin temperature low vegetationV" ;
		VegT:associate = "time y x" ;
		VegT:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float CanopInt(time, y, x) ;
		CanopInt:units = "kg/m^2" ;
		CanopInt:long_name = "Canopy interception depth" ;
		CanopInt:associate = "time y x" ;
		CanopInt:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float ECanop(time, y, x) ;
		ECanop:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		ECanop:long_name = "Interception evaporation" ;
		ECanop:associate = "time y x" ;
		ECanop:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		ECanop:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	float ESoil(time, y, x) ;
		ESoil:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		ESoil:long_name = "Bare soil evaporation" ;
		ESoil:associate = "time y x" ;
		ESoil:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		ESoil:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	float RootMoist(time, y, x) ;
		RootMoist:units = "kg/m^2" ;
		RootMoist:long_name = "Root zone soil moisture" ;
		RootMoist:associate = "time y x" ;
		RootMoist:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float SubSnow(time, y, x) ;
		SubSnow:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		SubSnow:long_name = "Snow sublimation" ;
		SubSnow:associate = "time y x" ;
		SubSnow:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		SubSnow:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;
	float TVeg(time, y, x) ;
		TVeg:units = "kg/m^2/s" ;
		TVeg:long_name = "Vegetation transpiration" ;
		TVeg:associate = "time y x" ;
		TVeg:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
		TVeg:time_representation = "average over past output interval" ;

// global attributes:
		:modelID = "TESSEL              " ;
		:versionID = "1.1                 " ;
		:start_day = 20010101 ;
		:start_hour = 0 ;
		:SurfSgn_convention = "Mathematical" ;
		:history = "Thu Jul 27 09:10:51 2006: ncks -A o_eva.nc output.nc\n",
			"Thu Jul 27 09:00:35 2006: ncks -A o_sus.nc output.nc\n",
			"Thu Jul 27 08:52:29 2006: ncks -A o_wat.nc output.nc" ;
}




netcdf TESSEL_exp1_layers_2004 {
dimensions:
	y = 51 ;
	x = 101 ;
	nlevs = 4 ;
	time = UNLIMITED ; // (2928 currently)
variables:
	double lat(y) ;
		lat:units = "degrees_north" ;
		lat:long_name = "latitude" ;
	double lon(x) ;
		lon:units = "degrees_east" ;
		lon:long_name = "longitude" ;
	double nlevs(nlevs) ;
		nlevs:units = "m" ;
		nlevs:long_name = "soil level centre" ;
	double time(time) ;
		time:units = "seconds" ;
		time:long_name = "Time in seconds" ;
		time:Time_label = "Start of output interval" ;
	int timestp(time) ;
		timestp:units = "-" ;
		timestp:long_name = "model time step" ;
		timestp:Time_label = "Start of output interval" ;
	float SoilTemp(time, nlevs, y, x) ;
		SoilTemp:units = "K" ;
		SoilTemp:long_name = "soil temperature" ;
		SoilTemp:associate = "time nlevs y x" ;
		SoilTemp:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float SoilMoist(time, nlevs, y, x) ;
		SoilMoist:units = "kg/m^2" ;
		SoilMoist:long_name = "soil moisture content per layer" ;
		SoilMoist:associate = "time nlevs y x" ;
		SoilMoist:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float LSoilMoist(time, nlevs, y, x) ;
		LSoilMoist:units = "kg/m^2" ;
		LSoilMoist:long_name = "diagnostic liquid soil moisture content per layer" ;
		LSoilMoist:associate = "time nlevs y x" ;
		LSoilMoist:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float SoilWet(time, y, x) ;
		SoilWet:units = "-" ;
		SoilWet:long_name = "Total soil wetness" ;
		SoilWet:associate = "time y x" ;
		SoilWet:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;

// global attributes:
		:modelID = "TESSEL              " ;
		:versionID = "1.1                 " ;
		:start_day = 20010101 ;
		:start_hour = 0 ;
		:SurfSgn_convention = "Mathematical" ;
}




netcdf TESSEL_exp1 {
dimensions:
	x = 101 ;
	y = 51 ;
	month = 12 ;
variables:
	float lat(y) ;
		lat:units = "degrees_north" ;
		lat:long_name = "latitude" ;
	float lon(x) ;
		lon:units = "degrees_east" ;
		lon:long_name = "longitude" ;
	int month(month) ;
		month:units = "-" ;
		month:long_name = "month" ;
	float Mask(y, x) ;
		Mask:units = "-" ;
		Mask:long_name = "Catchment mask" ;
		Mask:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float geopot(y, x) ;
		geopot:units = "m2/s2" ;
		geopot:long_name = "Geopotential height" ;
		geopot:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float Malbedo(month, y, x) ;
		Malbedo:units = "-" ;
		Malbedo:long_name = "Monthly background albedo" ;
		Malbedo:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float z0m(y, x) ;
		z0m:units = "m" ;
		z0m:long_name = "Momentum roughness length" ;
		z0m:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float lz0h(y, x) ;
		lz0h:units = "m" ;
		lz0h:long_name = "Heat roughness length" ;
		lz0h:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float landsea(y, x) ;
		landsea:units = "-" ;
		landsea:long_name = "Fraction land" ;
		landsea:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float tvh(y, x) ;
		tvh:units = "-" ;
		tvh:long_name = "High vegetation type" ;
		tvh:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float tvl(y, x) ;
		tvl:units = "-" ;
		tvl:long_name = "Low vegetation type" ;
		tvl:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float cvh(y, x) ;
		cvh:units = "-" ;
		cvh:long_name = "High vegetation cover" ;
		cvh:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
	float cvl(y, x) ;
		cvl:units = "-" ;
		cvl:long_name = "Low vegetation cover" ;
		cvl:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
}



Server Information for Downloading/Submission of Results

    The ALMIP input data server is password protected. In order to obtain the password and login information, please contact us. The ftp server hostname is ftp.ammasat.ipsl.polytechnique.fr Please place files in the directory almipin/results_incoming