Observations
Past meteorological observations, for example for interesting case studies of UHI and thunderstorms, will be made available for the researchers in 2020. There are several actors providing in-situ observations.
Radio-soundings
Automatic Radio-soundings are operated by Météo-France every 00UTC and 12UTC at Trappes, in the South-West of Paris agglomeration.
Radars
2 radars are operated by Météo-France.
One C-band doppler radar is operated at Trappes, West-South-West of Paris
One X-band doppler radar is operated at CDG airport, North-East of Paris.
Surface stations
Approximately 20 meteorological stations are deployed by Météo-France on Paris agglomeration. 5 are located in inner Paris itself (but in small Parks). The stations measure standard WMO surface measurements: temperature and humidity at 2m, wind at 10m, pressure, precipitation.
There is one meteorological station at the top of the Eiffel tower (310m). This allow to provide information on the wind and BL characteristics, as well as on the residual layer during the night.
Profilers
The Pierre Simon Laplace Institute (IPSL) operates two sites with profilers (on in city center, one in the SIRTA suburban site, which also has flux measurements). All information on the IPSL measurements can be found on this website.
Météo-France Telemeters measure cloud base on 10 locations (mostly near airports). The telemeter from Charles de Gaulle airport also sends information on backscatter profiles, allowing to retrieve BL height and information on aerosols. All other profiler’s connections and data flow will be upgraded in order to get the same information.
Non-conventional data
Non-conventional observations from netatmo stations are very dense (10000 stations). Such data can be used to retrieve the urban heat island (see this site).
